Remediation of the uranium industry in the Czech Republic: regulation aspects and main technologies

There is a long history of uranium mining and milling in what is now the Czech Republic, with the main exploitation beginning in the second half of the 19th century. The greatest expansion was during the Cold War, which was then reduced after political changes in eastern Europe in the 1990s. Thereafter, almost all uranium work was stopped, the mines and mills were closed, and plans for decommissioning and remediation of sites and facilities were initiated. The paper describes the application of the regulatory framework for the decommissioning and remediation of the uranium waste sites and facilities in the Czech Republic, illustrated by examples of deep and surface mining, in-situ leaching sites, and ore processing facilities. It builds on information provided as a case study for the Nuclear Energy Agency's Expert Group on Legacy Management. Some practical experience and lessons learned are presented. The sharing of the lessons and experience is noted as an important mechanism for avoiding the creation of future legacies.