Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Eggshell-derived β-CaSiO3 Nano Biomaterial

This study explored the conversion of bio waste into a valued bioceramic material for potential tissue regeneration application. Calcium silicate (β-CaSiO3) nanomaterial was synthesized from waste egg shells (CaCO3) and silica (SiO2) precursors using noninvasive but sustainable and industrially scalable ball mill and sonochemical techniques. The development of the β-CaSiO3 NPs was monitored with Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed the formation of polycrystalline nano-β-CaSiO3 with 100% peak at 2θ° = 30.0 in the (320) crystal planeand sizes less than 50 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on human osteoblast cell line CRL 11372 suggests biocompatibility and non-interference with cell growth at concentrations ranging from 0.0781-1.250 mg/mLof β-CaSiO3.