A Review on Various Components as an Effective Pest Management Tool under Integrated Pest Management of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

The tomato, or Solanum lycopersicum L., is an essential crop for the nutritional security of the world. However, because of pests and illnesses, farmers must use excessive amounts of chemical pesticides due to cropping patterns and climate fluctuation. Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) guidelines can be met and the overuse of pesticides can be decreased with the use of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. Developing specialized management techniques requires an understanding of the distribution, prevalence, and factors impacting the severity of insect pests. With the use of workable tactics such host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control, and mechanical/physical control methods, integrated pest management (IPM) is starting to emerge as a sustainable approach to pest management. Nevertheless, obstacles like a lack of farmer knowledge and resources prevent IPM from being widely adopted. Crop productivity and agricultural pests are being significantly impacted by climate change and extreme weather events, especially in small-scale farms. Insect range expansion increased overwintering survival, and an increased danger of invading species and illnesses are all possible outcomes of these changes. IPM implementation in small-scale production necessitates knowledge gaps to be filled, appropriate methodologies to be identified, and scale adaptations. To create agro ecosystems and reduce damage, integrated methods, intercropping, cover crops, and legume crop rotation are crucial. Digital technology, precision agriculture, biotechnological advancements, and climate-resilient approaches present opportunities. The effectiveness of IPM depends on improved farmer education, public-private partnerships, and well-informed decision-making.