Prostate Cancer: Current Status of Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment

Prostate cancer is the 2nd most commonly occurring cancer in males contributing major in the incidence and mortality of males due to cancer. Despite the advancements in the diagnosis as well as treatment of prostate cancer, 1.4 million new cases and more than 375,000 deaths from this malignancy were reported in 2020 all over the globe. Incidence of prostate cancer are 3-times more in developed countries as compared to the developing countries. Recently, the landscape of timely diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer is changing with the progress in modern science and technology. For the diagnosis of solid tumors, computed tomography (CT), Scintigram and bone scans are being practiced conventionally for clinical uses. Although chemotherapy has always been the essential modality in ensuring prolonged survival of the patients but precision medicine including the use of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and PARP inhibitors based radionucleotides will offer new opportunities for treating advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Overall, there are considerable improvements in the area of prostate cancer research that is helping in continuous evolution of novel agents and treatment modalities. In this direction, approaches like PSMA-PET theranostics can help in providing a potential modality for both diagnosis and therapy as well.