A Brief Overview of Precancerous Lesions in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the world. The incidence
rate (ASR) and age distribution of this disease differ between most of African-Middle-Eastern
(AMAGE) and North America and Europe for many reasons. However, in all areas, “CRC” is
considered as one of the most preventable cancers, because it might develop from variant processes
like polyps and IBD in addition to the genetic pathogenesis which became very well known in this
disease. We tried in this paper to review all the possible reasons of the differences in incidence and
age between the west and AMAGE. Also we reviewed all the mutations that lead to the hereditary and
familiar clustering of this disease with the correlations with the surrounding food and environment of
different areas. Then, we focused on the precancerous pathology of this disease with special focusing
on early detection depending on new endoscopy technology and most important genetic studies. We
lastly reviewed the evidence of some of the surveillance and put suggestions about future surveillance
programs and how important those programs are on the psychological aspect of the patients and their
families.